A new study published in the journal Occupational & Environmental Medicine suggests that prolonged overwork may alter brain structure, potentially impairing emotional regulation and executive functions such as working memory and problem-solving. Researchers believe that sustained excessive workloads can trigger neuroadaptive changes, leading to lasting effects on cognitive and emotional well-being.
Previous studies have already linked overwork to burnout, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and mental health issues. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), over 800,000 people die each year worldwide due to overwork.
To further investigate the neurological impact, researchers analyzed data from the Korean Gwangju Occupational Cohort Study (GROCS) and conducted brain MRI scans on 110 health1care workers. They compared individuals working over 52 hours per week with those working standard hours (around 40 hours).
The results revealed a 19% increase in the volume of the middle frontal gyrus among long-hour workers—a region involved in attention, working memory, and language processing. Additionally, 17 other brain regions, including the superior frontal gyrus (linked to decision-making and planning) and the insula (associated with emotional and sensory integration), showed structural differences. These changes are thought to reflect the brain's adaptive response to chronic occupational stress.
However, the researchers caution that the small sample size and lack of longitudinal data prevent definitive conclusions about causality. They stress the need for further long-term studies, while warning that the findings already underscore the potential risks of excessive work hours. The study calls on employers and policymakers to take the health implications of overwork seriously and implement measures to reduce unreasonable workloads.
Long Working Hours May Reshape the Brain, Affecting Mental Health and Cognition
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