Discovery of Gene Enhancing Photosynthesis in Poplar Trees Holds Promise for Agriculture and Bioenergy

Researchers at the University of Illinois, in collaboration with the Bioenergy Innovation Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States, have discovered a gene in poplar trees that can enhance photosynthesis. This gene contributes to increasing the height and biomass of trees.

Photosynthesis is a crucial process in which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, vital for the growth and development of plants. However, the efficiency of photosynthesis in nature is not optimal, with one key bottleneck being an enzyme called Rubisco. Rubisco is responsible for capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but its efficiency is limited. Over the years, scientists have been attempting to increase crop yields by boosting the levels of Rubisco in plants, thereby enhancing their ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

In this new study, researchers focused on fast-growing poplar trees, which are ideal crops for producing biofuels and bioproducts. In outdoor experimental plots, the research team conducted a whole-genome association study on the physical characteristics and genomes of approximately 1000 poplar trees.

The study identified a gene called BOOSTER, which significantly increases the levels of Rubisco and photosynthetic activity. Under greenhouse conditions, poplar trees with high expression of the BOOSTER gene grew taller. In field conditions, these plants with the gene were approximately 37% taller than other plants, with a notable increase in biomass. The research team also introduced the BOOSTER gene into crops such as mustard greens, resulting in substantial improvements in biomass and seed yield. This study indicates the broad applicability of the BOOSTER gene, which holds promise for future application in a variety of crops, thus driving agricultural productivity and bioenergy development.